{"artifact_id":"L1-523","layer":"L1","title":"Pneumothorax Detection from Chest X-ray (PWDR)","domain":"Medical Imaging","sub_domain":"Pleural-line and lung-edge recovery from chest radiograph with pneumothorax categorical readout","physics_fingerprint":{"L_DAG":4.6,"title":"Pneumothorax Detection from Chest X-ray (PWDR)","domain":"Medical Imaging","carrier":"x_ray","primitives":["L.xray_source","L.attenuation_projection","L.pleural_line_detection","L.light_index_estimation","L.severity_threshold_classifier","int.spatial"],"sub_domain":"Pleural-line and lung-edge recovery from chest radiograph with pneumothorax categorical readout","noise_model":"poisson","problem_class":"linear_inverse_with_categorical_readout","solution_space":"1D_pneumothorax_severity","difficulty_delta":3,"integration_axis":"spatial","sensing_mechanism":"radiograph_with_pneumothorax_threshold"},"observable_profile":{"metric":"categorical_accuracy","regime":"Existence inherited from L1-031. Uniqueness conditional on pneumothorax visibility; small pneumothoraces near lung apex can be missed in supine acquisitions (sensitivity drops 30-50% supine vs upright). Stability dominated by skin_fold_pseudo_pneumothorax and bullous_disease_confounders (the dominant false-positive sources in clinical practice). Joint Hadamard well-posedness for the pneumothorax-detection forward established by Light 1985 (foundational Light index), Collins 1995 (Collins method), Rhea 1982 (Rhea method), Roberts 2014 (ATLS guideline), Rajpurkar 2017 (CheXNet 14-pathology benchmark), Tang 2020 (ChestX-ray14).","secondary":"sensitivity_for_tension"},"size_tiers":{"center_spec":{"omega":{"H":2500,"W":3000,"kVp":110,"mAs":4,"SNR_dB":30,"PA_or_AP":"PA","rotation_artifact":0.0,"pixel_resolution_um":100,"bullous_disease_confounders":0.0,"skin_fold_pseudo_pneumothorax":0.0,"supine_vs_upright_acquisition":0.0,"bilateral_severity_disagreement":0.0,"expiratory_vs_inspiratory_state":0.0},"input_format":"frontal_cxr_with_severity_label","problem_class":"pneumothorax_cxr_pwdr","forward_operator":"cxr_pneumothorax_pwdr_forward","epsilon_fn_center":"0.85_accuracy"},"omega_bounds":{"H":[1024,4096],"W":[1024,4096],"kVp":[70,130],"pixel_resolution_um":[50,300]},"epsilon_bounds":{"categorical_accuracy":[0.5,0.99]},"allowed_problem_classes":["pneumothorax_cxr_pwdr","pneumothorax_severity_grading_pwdr","tension_pneumothorax_detection_pwdr"],"allowed_omega_dimensions":["H","W","pixel_resolution_um","kVp","mAs","PA_or_AP","SNR_dB","rotation_artifact","expiratory_vs_inspiratory_state","supine_vs_upright_acquisition","skin_fold_pseudo_pneumothorax","bullous_disease_confounders","bilateral_severity_disagreement"],"allowed_forward_operators":["cxr_pneumothorax_pwdr_forward","cxr_pneumothorax_with_lateral_pwdr_forward","cxr_pneumothorax_supine_pwdr_forward"]},"hardness_fn":{"type":"epsilon_fn","delta":3,"kappa":60,"metric":"categorical_accuracy"},"initiator_dataset":[{"name":"primary","weight":1.0,"ipfs_cid":null,"license_hash":null}],"status":"testnet","staked_pwm":0.0,"chain_hash":"0xc106d9e5bdfa93eab31015d06783333bf6ad36cd2f3fdacf5a5bb8651514595e","chain_tx_hash":"0x5039f7d7d1346e2637d1029f0ef530f78ef5d358ebaec159a92a983bcd1030da","chain_block":41552306}