L1 ⚛ L1-282 ⊙ Testnet

Controlled-Source EM (CSEM) — resistivity for hydrocarbons

Geophysics · Marine CSEM for hydrocarbon reservoirs

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⬇ L1-282.md

# ⚛ L1 Principle — Controlled-Source EM (CSEM) — resistivity for hydrocarbons **ID:** `L1-282` · **Status:** ⊙ Testnet (genesis catalog) > **🌐 Domain:** Geophysics — *Marine CSEM for hydrocarbon reservoirs* > **🎯 Problem class:** nonlinear inverse · **🧮 Solution space:** 3D resistivity field > **📡 Carrier:** em · **🌫 Noise:** gaussian > **⚖ Difficulty (δ):** 5 · **⛓ Block:** 41554064 --- ## 🧠 1. Introduction **Controlled-Source EM (CSEM) — resistivity for hydrocarbons** is a **nonlinear inverse problem** whose unknown lives in **3D resistivity field** space, within the **Marine CSEM for hydrocarbon reservoirs** sub-domain of **Geophysics**. Measurements consist of electromagnetic field measurements via a **marine emf receivers** sensing mechanism. The forward operator applies, in order: L · em dipole source operator; L · diffuse through seafloor operator; L · frequency domain operator; integration over a band of frequencies. Observations are corrupted by additive Gaussian noise. Conditional stability; mismatch parameters dominate at Omega bounds. ## ⚙ 2. Forward Model Physical chain: **x** → L · em dipole source → L · diffuse through seafloor → L · frequency domain → Frequency integration → **y** (detector). ``` y = ∫dω `L.frequency_domain` `L.diffuse_through_seafloor` `L.em_dipole_source` x + n, n ~ 𝒩(0, σ²) ``` **Measurement DAG:** | Primitive | What it does | |---|---| | `L.em_dipole_source` | L · em dipole source operator | | `L.diffuse_through_seafloor` | L · diffuse through seafloor operator | | `L.frequency_domain` | L · frequency domain operator | | `int.frequency` | Integration over a band of frequencies | ## 🔬 3. Physics Fingerprint | Property | Value | |---|---| | Domain | Geophysics | | Sub domain | Marine CSEM for hydrocarbon reservoirs | | Carrier | em | | Problem class | nonlinear_inverse | | Solution space | 3D_resistivity_field | | Noise model | gaussian | | Integration axis | frequency | | Difficulty delta | 5 | | L dag | 3.3 | ## 📡 4. Measurement Model Conditional stability; mismatch parameters dominate at Omega bounds. | Metric | Value | |---|---| | Metric | resistivity_rel_error_percent | | Secondary | SSIM | ## 📏 5. Operating Range (Ω) **Center problem class:** `csem` · **Forward operator:** `csem_forward` **Center point:** | Parameter | Unit | Value | |---|---|---| | Snr db | dB | 25 | | N freqs | — | 5 | | N stations | — | 30 | | Seawater sigma error | — | 0 | | Source attitude error | — | 0 | | Air wave contamination | — | 0 | **Allowed bounds:** | Parameter | Unit | Range | |---|---|---| | Snr db | dB | 0 – 40 | | N freqs | — | 1 – 30 | | N stations | — | 5 – 1000 | | Seawater sigma error | — | 0.0 – 0.1 | | Source attitude error | — | 0.0 – 0.1 | | Air wave contamination | — | 0.0 – 0.3 | ## 🎯 6. Tolerance (ε) **Center tolerance:** 7.0 | Metric | Range | |---|---| | Res rel | 0.5 – 40.0 | ## ⚖ 7. Hardness Function Hardness scales as **`epsilon_fn`** on **resistivity_rel_error_percent**, with κ = `600` and δ = `5`. ## 💾 8. Reference Dataset - **primary** · weight 1.0 · IPFS _(not pinned yet)_ ## 9. On-chain Registration - **Chain hash:** `0xa5d67e05b104284f203944d970e55dcb6f56ec2381d6427ada8eaf70b8ea4e25` - **Chain tx hash:** `0xe5bb46b459184721f2c4d7e21baae231c46f97e28de60bdaf1562f59d4f8b3b8` - **Chain block:** `41554064` --- ## File Mapping This bundle consists of: `L1-282.md`, `L1-282.json`. | File | Role | How to regenerate | |------|------|-------------------| | `L1-282.md` | Source of truth — edit this | Human or LLM | | `L1-282.json` | Structured metadata for the registry | LLM regenerates from the sections above | **Prompt for your LLM after editing this Markdown:** > Read the attached Markdown. Regenerate the sibling `.json` so every field matches. > Preserve the schema documented in the rows above. > Output each file in its own fenced code block tagged with the filename. > Output only the JSON object. _This Markdown was auto-synthesized from the catalog row for `L1-282`._ _Edit it, regenerate the JSON, and submit at [/submit](/submit) to claim the artifact._

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Read the attached Markdown (L1-282.md).
Regenerate L1-282.json so every field matches the Markdown.
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Output each file in its own fenced code block tagged with the filename.

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L2-282-001 Controlled-Source EM (CSEM) — resistivity for hydrocarbons Mismatch-Only Spec

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📋 JSON metadata

{
  "artifact_id": "L1-282",
  "chain_block": 41554064,
  "chain_hash": "0xa5d67e05b104284f203944d970e55dcb6f56ec2381d6427ada8eaf70b8ea4e25",
  "chain_tx_hash": "0xe5bb46b459184721f2c4d7e21baae231c46f97e28de60bdaf1562f59d4f8b3b8",
  "domain": "Geophysics",
  "hardness_fn": {
    "delta": 5,
    "kappa": 600,
    "metric": "resistivity_rel_error_percent",
    "type": "epsilon_fn"
  },
  "initiator_dataset": [
    {
      "ipfs_cid": null,
      "license_hash": null,
      "name": "primary",
      "weight": 1.0
    }
  ],
  "layer": "L1",
  "observable_profile": {
    "metric": "resistivity_rel_error_percent",
    "regime": "Conditional stability; mismatch parameters dominate at Omega bounds.",
    "secondary": "SSIM"
  },
  "physics_fingerprint": {
    "L_DAG": 3.3,
    "carrier": "em",
    "difficulty_delta": 5,
    "domain": "Geophysics",
    "integration_axis": "frequency",
    "noise_model": "gaussian",
    "primitives": [
      "L.em_dipole_source",
      "L.diffuse_through_seafloor",
      "L.frequency_domain",
      "int.frequency"
    ],
    "problem_class": "nonlinear_inverse",
    "sensing_mechanism": "marine_emf_receivers",
    "solution_space": "3D_resistivity_field",
    "sub_domain": "Marine CSEM for hydrocarbon reservoirs",
    "title": "Controlled-Source EM (CSEM) \u2014 resistivity for hydrocarbons"
  },
  "size_tiers": {
    "allowed_forward_operators": [
      "csem_forward"
    ],
    "allowed_omega_dimensions": [
      "N_stations",
      "N_freqs",
      "SNR_dB",
      "seawater_sigma_error",
      "air_wave_contamination",
      "source_attitude_error",
      "seawater_sigma_error",
      "air_wave_contamination",
      "source_attitude_error"
    ],
    "allowed_problem_classes": [
      "csem"
    ],
    "center_spec": {
      "epsilon_fn_center": "7.0",
      "forward_operator": "csem_forward",
      "input_format": "measurement_only",
      "omega": {
        "N_freqs": 5,
        "N_stations": 30,
        "SNR_dB": 25,
        "air_wave_contamination": 0.0,
        "seawater_sigma_error": 0.0,
        "source_attitude_error": 0.0
      },
      "problem_class": "csem"
    },
    "epsilon_bounds": {
      "res_rel": [
        0.5,
        40.0
      ]
    },
    "omega_bounds": {
      "N_freqs": [
        1,
        30
      ],
      "N_stations": [
        5,
        1000
      ],
      "SNR_dB": [
        0,
        40
      ],
      "air_wave_contamination": [
        0.0,
        0.3
      ],
      "seawater_sigma_error": [
        0.0,
        0.1
      ],
      "source_attitude_error": [
        0.0,
        0.1
      ]
    }
  },
  "staked_pwm": 0.0,
  "status": "testnet",
  "sub_domain": "Marine CSEM for hydrocarbon reservoirs",
  "title": "Controlled-Source EM (CSEM) \u2014 resistivity for hydrocarbons"
}

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