{"artifact_id":"L1-112","layer":"L1","title":"X-ray Non-Destructive Testing (2D radiography)","domain":"Industrial Inspection","sub_domain":"2D projection radiography for defect detection","physics_fingerprint":{"L_DAG":2.5,"title":"X-ray Non-Destructive Testing (2D radiography)","domain":"Industrial Inspection","carrier":"x_ray","primitives":["L.xray_source","L.beer_lambert","int.spatial"],"sub_domain":"2D projection radiography for defect detection","noise_model":"shot_poisson","problem_class":"linear_inverse","solution_space":"2D_attenuation_projection","difficulty_delta":3,"integration_axis":"spatial","sensing_mechanism":"xray_projection"},"observable_profile":{"metric":"PSNR_dB","regime":"Existence of the recovered 2D attenuation projection is guaranteed within the declared Omega bounds. Uniqueness holds on the measurement-supported subspace; out-of-support modes are controlled by the declared priors. Stability is well-conditioned (kappa_eff ~= 8); beam_hardening dominates the stability cliff; scatter and the remaining mismatch parameters contribute higher-order bias terms. Photon-shot-noise-limited (poisson counting) sets the irreducible data-fidelity floor, while mild Tikhonov or analytic inversion is sufficient at the nominal Omega point.","secondary":"SSIM"},"size_tiers":{"center_spec":{"omega":{"H":2048,"W":2048,"kV":150,"scatter":0.0,"pixel_um":100,"photon_count":5000,"beam_hardening":0.0,"thickness_variation":0.0},"input_format":"measurement_only","problem_class":"xray_ndt","forward_operator":"xray_ndt_forward","epsilon_fn_center":"30.0"},"omega_bounds":{"H":[512,8192],"W":[512,8192],"kV":[20,450],"scatter":[0.0,0.4],"pixel_um":[1,500],"photon_count":[100,100000],"beam_hardening":[0.0,0.3],"thickness_variation":[0.0,0.5],"source_intensity_drift":[0.0,0.1]},"epsilon_bounds":{"psnr_db":[5.0,40.0]},"allowed_problem_classes":["xray_ndt"],"allowed_omega_dimensions":["H","W","kV","pixel_um","photon_count","beam_hardening","scatter","thickness_variation","beam_hardening","scatter","thickness_variation","source_intensity_drift"],"allowed_forward_operators":["xray_ndt_forward"]},"hardness_fn":{"type":"epsilon_fn","delta":3,"kappa":160,"metric":"PSNR_dB"},"initiator_dataset":[{"name":"primary","weight":1.0,"ipfs_cid":null,"license_hash":null}],"status":"testnet","staked_pwm":0.0,"chain_hash":"0x45ae0a0745a91fb54ed4ea22c7385cd1c7c8987636f0b49d00f54529f86ede3b","chain_tx_hash":"0xefd2535572644fe7ea98926b807253d2982b005655e87797e178e56372fc1791","chain_block":41554199}