{"artifact_id":"L1-104","layer":"L1","title":"Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR)","domain":"Remote Sensing","sub_domain":"Subsurface EM sounding","physics_fingerprint":{"L_DAG":3.8,"title":"Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR)","domain":"Remote Sensing","carrier":"radio_wave","primitives":["L.emit.em_pulse","L.subsurface_reflect","L.migration","int.temporal"],"sub_domain":"Subsurface EM sounding","noise_model":"gaussian","problem_class":"nonlinear_inverse","solution_space":"2D_subsurface_dielectric","difficulty_delta":5,"integration_axis":"temporal","sensing_mechanism":"subsurface_em_radar"},"observable_profile":{"metric":"PSNR_dB","regime":"Existence of the recovered 2D subsurface dielectric is guaranteed within the declared Omega bounds. Uniqueness is local rather than global (non-convex landscape); convergence depends on initialisation and priors. Stability is moderately conditioned (kappa_eff ~= 15); soil_permittivity_variation dominates the stability cliff; clutter and the remaining mismatch parameters contribute higher-order bias terms. Additive gaussian thermal/electronic noise sets the irreducible data-fidelity floor, while mild Tikhonov or analytic inversion is sufficient at the nominal Omega point.","secondary":"SSIM"},"size_tiers":{"center_spec":{"omega":{"f_MHz":250,"SNR_dB":15.0,"clutter":0.0,"N_traces":256,"N_samples":512,"depth_range_m":10,"attenuation_depth":0.5,"soil_permittivity_variation":0.05},"input_format":"measurement_only","problem_class":"gpr_radar","forward_operator":"gpr_radar_forward","epsilon_fn_center":"18.0"},"omega_bounds":{"f_MHz":[25,2000],"SNR_dB":[0.0,30.0],"clutter":[0.0,0.5],"N_traces":[64,1024],"N_samples":[128,2048],"depth_range_m":[0.1,100],"antenna_coupling":[0.0,0.3],"attenuation_depth":[0.1,2.0],"soil_permittivity_variation":[0.0,0.3]},"epsilon_bounds":{"psnr_db":[5.0,40.0]},"allowed_problem_classes":["gpr_radar"],"allowed_omega_dimensions":["N_samples","N_traces","f_MHz","depth_range_m","SNR_dB","soil_permittivity_variation","clutter","attenuation_depth","soil_permittivity_variation","clutter","attenuation_depth","antenna_coupling"],"allowed_forward_operators":["gpr_radar_forward"]},"hardness_fn":{"type":"epsilon_fn","delta":5,"kappa":300,"metric":"PSNR_dB"},"initiator_dataset":[{"name":"primary","weight":1.0,"ipfs_cid":null,"license_hash":null}],"status":"testnet","staked_pwm":0.0,"chain_hash":"0xe335faa007a1b51c7dae3113128ba8b9ed064a55ca7ec2e4b6ead8503a044dd8","chain_tx_hash":"0xd5ea017b8daf6fafc1a1bbdb65927e673fc968ff918d9351812068929bf1e802","chain_block":41554197}